There are over 150 types in two groups. Primary headaches happen on their own, like migraines, tension, and cluster headaches. Secondary ones are caused by something else, like a sinus infection or injury. A thunderclap headache that peaks within a minute is an emergency, so call 911 or go to the ER.

Headaches have many triggers, from everyday habits to underlying health issues. Common culprits include stress or muscle tension, dehydration, too little or too much sleep, certain foods and drinks, and hormone changes. Finding the root cause is the key to lasting relief, and many come down to things you can adjust.

A headache is pain or discomfort in your head, scalp, or neck, ranging from a mild annoyance to something that stops you in your tracks. It happens when pain-sensitive parts of your head, like nerves, blood vessels, or muscles, get triggered. Most are easy to manage once you know which kind you're dealing with.

Tension headaches often feel like a tight band around your head and are usually caused by stress or muscle strain. Try using a warm compress on your neck or a cold compress on your forehead to ease the pain. Relaxation techniques like deep breathing or meditation can help too. A gentle massage of your temples or neck can also release tension. If these headaches happen often, talk to your doctor for more guidance.

No, you can’t completely prevent a headache, but there are steps you can take to reduce the likelihood of getting one and lessen the pain if you do. Avoid common triggers, like processed meats, artificial sweeteners, caffeine, and alcohol. Get regular exercise. Get enough sleep. Don’t use tobacco. Try to control stress in your life. Rest in a dark, quiet room when you feel a headache coming on. Place an ice pack on the back of your neck.

A headache may feel like pain inside your brain, but there has not been any proven research showing that migraines or headaches cause any type of brain damage. Most headaches start in the nerves, muscles and blood vessels in your head, neck or face.

The main difference between a migraine and a headache is the severity of the pain. Migraines can also cause nausea, vomiting, light or sound sensitivity, and vision problems. Migraines are more debilitating than headaches, as they can affect your entire body.

Waking up with a headache can happen for a variety of reasons. Poor sleep posture might strain your neck and shoulders, while teeth grinding (bruxism) can cause jaw tension that leads to pain. Sleep apnea, which disrupts breathing and lowers oxygen levels during sleep, is another common cause. Dehydration, stress, or caffeine withdrawal can also trigger morning headaches. Sinus congestion from allergies or infections may build up overnight, adding pressure and discomfort. If morning headaches persist, it’s a good idea to see a doctor to check for underlying issues like sleep disorders.